First, let's look at 3 factors that affect the paper. Second, we'll see how creasing works and why it is an important solution.
The paper structure varies with coating thickness, fiber content, length of fibers, bond between base and coating and how pulp is treated. Heavy coatings and low fiber content means less stability and a greater tendency to crack. No sheet is immune to cracking, but since the coated sheet is more complex than the uncoated it's more prone to fiber cracking. There's simply more that can go wrong. But coated papers tend to reproduce originals better than uncoated sheets; which is why you see more full color jobs printed on coated sheets.
The printing process makes the paper less flexible with the addition of countless combinations of inks, varnishes and coatings. Heat applied to rapidly dry the printed sheet as it exits the press affects the humidity content of the sheet, further reducing flexibility.
The environment, especially with regard to the paper's moisture content, makes a difference in whether paper will crack. A pressroom or bindery at 50% relative humidity will be less likely to have cracking problems than an environment at 25% relative humidity.
What's the Difference Between ‘Creasing' & ‘Scoring'
Often used interchangeably, there is indeed a difference in the processes we are referring to, no matter what you decide to call it. You'll also find the same terms have different meanings in the commercial printing versus the packaging industry. For our purposes,Scoring is any method of reducing paper stiffness along a line in order to aid in folding. Press scores (litho score) and old style folding machine scores (e.g. steel scoring blade between steel or rubber collars) are two examples. They simply weaken the sheet to aid in folding. Creasing refers to the internal de-lamination of a sheet by compression along the line where folding needs to occur (shown at right using the Technifold Tri-Creaser.) This effectively creates a "paperboard hinge" according to Kevin Carey of DieInfo.com.
When the sheet is bent (folded) at the crease, all the outward force that normally would split or crack the sheet is directed inwards towards the weak, delaminated line. As the foldcontinues, (left) the sheet further de-laminates internally and a rounded bead is formed on the inside of the fold, absorbing all the force, while the outside of the folded piece remains smooth and unbroken. Creasing can be done by either a platen method (both sheet and die board are flat) or rotary method (paper passes between cylinders or wrapsaround a cylinder.) Both methods use a male die to force the sheet into a female channel, the dimensions of which vary according to the density of paper.
Sometimes simple scoring will eliminate splitting and fiber cracking, but as the sheets get heavier, this is less likely and the stronger compression forces of creasing are needed to prevent cracking. In high-quality commercial printing, creasing is thus the second critical strategy used to combat the fiber cracking problem. Not only does it aid in folding, but when done successfully, it achieves the commercial printers and designer's goal of faithful print reproduction.
The paper structure varies with coating thickness, fiber content, length of fibers, bond between base and coating and how pulp is treated. Heavy coatings and low fiber content means less stability and a greater tendency to crack. No sheet is immune to cracking, but since the coated sheet is more complex than the uncoated it's more prone to fiber cracking. There's simply more that can go wrong. But coated papers tend to reproduce originals better than uncoated sheets; which is why you see more full color jobs printed on coated sheets.
The printing process makes the paper less flexible with the addition of countless combinations of inks, varnishes and coatings. Heat applied to rapidly dry the printed sheet as it exits the press affects the humidity content of the sheet, further reducing flexibility.
The environment, especially with regard to the paper's moisture content, makes a difference in whether paper will crack. A pressroom or bindery at 50% relative humidity will be less likely to have cracking problems than an environment at 25% relative humidity.
Often used interchangeably, there is indeed a difference in the processes we are referring to, no matter what you decide to call it. You'll also find the same terms have different meanings in the commercial printing versus the packaging industry. For our purposes,Scoring is any method of reducing paper stiffness along a line in order to aid in folding. Press scores (litho score) and old style folding machine scores (e.g. steel scoring blade between steel or rubber collars) are two examples. They simply weaken the sheet to aid in folding. Creasing refers to the internal de-lamination of a sheet by compression along the line where folding needs to occur (shown at right using the Technifold Tri-Creaser.) This effectively creates a "paperboard hinge" according to Kevin Carey of DieInfo.com.
Sometimes simple scoring will eliminate splitting and fiber cracking, but as the sheets get heavier, this is less likely and the stronger compression forces of creasing are needed to prevent cracking. In high-quality commercial printing, creasing is thus the second critical strategy used to combat the fiber cracking problem. Not only does it aid in folding, but when done successfully, it achieves the commercial printers and designer's goal of faithful print reproduction.
Binding
Securely holding together various pages so that they function as a publication.Many different types of binding are available and they all have different durability, aesthetics, costs and functional characteristics...
Comb Binding - A spine of plastic rings that bind and allow a document to open flat.
Again very similar to wiro binding, but instead uses a plastic comb instead of a wire. Mainly used for office documents.
Wiro Binding - A spine of metal rings that bind and allow a document to open flat
Belly band - A printed band that wraps around a publication, typically used with magazines.
Singer Stitch - A binding method whereby the pages are sewn together with one continual thread
Bolts - This usually requires the insertion of a punched or drilled hole for the bolt or clip to pass through.
Binding Screws
Definition: Used for binding loose sheets, pillar and post screws are used to secure the printed document.
What is it used for? Commonly used for product swatches, photo albums, bespoke brochures etc
At What Point do we do it? Binding Screws are a print finishing process (after printing).
How do we do it? The pages are gathered in order, drilled, and the pillars and posts are inserted until they meet - they are secure by screwing the pillar and post together..
More about... Interscrews are available in Brass, Nickel, Black or White Plastic. Available heights for book thicknesses are 2, 3.5, 6, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 25mm.
Perfect bound/ Pur Binding - The backs of sections are removed and held together with a flexible adhesive, which also attaches a paper cover to the spine, commonly used for paperback books.
PUR binding is very similar to perfect binding. But uses a more durable and flexible glue. It is nearly impossible to remove pages from a PUR Bound book, and the spine doesn't deteriorate with age. Ideal for printed items that need to be durable reference tools - Catalogues, price lists, prospectus, brochures, town plans, parish plans etc
PUR Binding follows the exact same process except we change over the glue from Perfect Binding Adhesive to PUR Adhesive by exchanging the glue pots. PUR glue reacts with the moisture content in the paper. This chemical reation creates a much stronger bind than the conventional glue.
Digitally Produced Book Blocks
Report and Accounts
Require a long shelf life
Books which undergo temperature changes
Heavy stocks
Stocks which are against the grain
High page content.
Edition binding - A common hard cover bookbinding method that sews signatures together, flattens the spine, applies end sheets and head and tail bands to the spine. Hard covers are attached and the cover edges act as hinges.
Saddle stitch - Bound with wire stitches, applied through the spine along the centrefold.
Saddle Stitching (Saddle Wire / Stitch Trim)
Definition: Saddle Stitching is a method of binding one or more printed sections together, with or without a cover, by means of wire staples (stitches) through the spine and centrefold. Otherwise known as Booklet Making or Stitched.
What is it used for? Commonly used for Brochures, Annual Reports, Booklets, Newsletters, Price Lists, Catalogues, Parish Plans, Town Plans
At what point do we do it? Saddle Stitching is a print finishing process (after printing).
How do we do it? Our Stitch Trimming machine will inset (gather) sections, stitch with the number and type of wire required and trim on 3 edges to the finished size.
More about... We can saddle stitch with up to 4 stitches (wires). Endorse Folding (folding in half after stitching) is possible by using our mobile knife unit, enabling thin products to be folded in half after stitching and trimming.
Folding types
http://designpink.com.au/folding-types-explained/
This type of fold is mainly used for brochures, postcards and I actually saw some creative business cards with half fold as well.It is usually constructed by folding an 8.5″ x 11″, 8.5″ x 14″, 11″ x 17″ or 11″ x 25.5″ sheet of paper once, creating 2 equal halves. The inner pages are usually used for the content, while the front and the back page presents some company information.
This common fold, used for mailings and brochures, is much like a letter folded by hand for inserting in an envelope. Basically folding an 8.5″ x 11″,8.5″ x 14″, 11″x 17″ or 11″ x 25.5″ sheet of paper twice. The inside right panel folds to the left and the inside left panel folds to the right on the top, forming the cover page.
The gate fold is very attractive as the succession of message presentation is dramatic. It requires either handwork or specialized equipment. Lining up images that cross over the inside flaps can be very difficult. The left and right edges fold inward with parallel folds and meet in the middle of the page without overlapping.
The “Z” style offers an advantage for multi-page letters to be collated and hand inserted for mailing. Because the pages nest together, the letter is opened with the pages in sequence. Folding the sheet of paper twice (the outside left panel folds to the left and the inside right panel folds to the left, forming the brochure cover)as a result it shapes as the letter “Z”.
Securely holding together various pages so that they function as a publication.Many different types of binding are available and they all have different durability, aesthetics, costs and functional characteristics...
Comb Binding - A spine of plastic rings that bind and allow a document to open flat.
Again very similar to wiro binding, but instead uses a plastic comb instead of a wire. Mainly used for office documents.
Wiro Binding - A spine of metal rings that bind and allow a document to open flat
Additional binding technique - Spiral binding
Similar to Wiro Binding, Spiral Binding attaches the loose sheets by means of a plastic or metal plastic coil being passed through the punched holes. A wide range of coloured coils are available. Most commonly used for the production of very thick price lists, road atlases, reference manuals and training manuals. Pages from spiral bound documents cannot come undone from the binding.
Belly band - A printed band that wraps around a publication, typically used with magazines.
Singer Stitch - A binding method whereby the pages are sewn together with one continual thread
Binding Screws
Definition: Used for binding loose sheets, pillar and post screws are used to secure the printed document.
What is it used for? Commonly used for product swatches, photo albums, bespoke brochures etc
At What Point do we do it? Binding Screws are a print finishing process (after printing).
How do we do it? The pages are gathered in order, drilled, and the pillars and posts are inserted until they meet - they are secure by screwing the pillar and post together..
More about... Interscrews are available in Brass, Nickel, Black or White Plastic. Available heights for book thicknesses are 2, 3.5, 6, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 25mm.
Perfect bound/ Pur Binding - The backs of sections are removed and held together with a flexible adhesive, which also attaches a paper cover to the spine, commonly used for paperback books.
PUR binding is very similar to perfect binding. But uses a more durable and flexible glue. It is nearly impossible to remove pages from a PUR Bound book, and the spine doesn't deteriorate with age. Ideal for printed items that need to be durable reference tools - Catalogues, price lists, prospectus, brochures, town plans, parish plans etc
PUR Binding follows the exact same process except we change over the glue from Perfect Binding Adhesive to PUR Adhesive by exchanging the glue pots. PUR glue reacts with the moisture content in the paper. This chemical reation creates a much stronger bind than the conventional glue.
Digitally Produced Book Blocks
Report and Accounts
Require a long shelf life
Books which undergo temperature changes
Heavy stocks
Stocks which are against the grain
High page content.
Edition binding - A common hard cover bookbinding method that sews signatures together, flattens the spine, applies end sheets and head and tail bands to the spine. Hard covers are attached and the cover edges act as hinges.
Saddle stitch - Bound with wire stitches, applied through the spine along the centrefold.
Saddle Stitching (Saddle Wire / Stitch Trim)
Definition: Saddle Stitching is a method of binding one or more printed sections together, with or without a cover, by means of wire staples (stitches) through the spine and centrefold. Otherwise known as Booklet Making or Stitched.
What is it used for? Commonly used for Brochures, Annual Reports, Booklets, Newsletters, Price Lists, Catalogues, Parish Plans, Town Plans
At what point do we do it? Saddle Stitching is a print finishing process (after printing).
How do we do it? Our Stitch Trimming machine will inset (gather) sections, stitch with the number and type of wire required and trim on 3 edges to the finished size.
More about... We can saddle stitch with up to 4 stitches (wires). Endorse Folding (folding in half after stitching) is possible by using our mobile knife unit, enabling thin products to be folded in half after stitching and trimming.
Folding types
http://designpink.com.au/folding-types-explained/
This type of fold is mainly used for brochures, postcards and I actually saw some creative business cards with half fold as well.It is usually constructed by folding an 8.5″ x 11″, 8.5″ x 14″, 11″ x 17″ or 11″ x 25.5″ sheet of paper once, creating 2 equal halves. The inner pages are usually used for the content, while the front and the back page presents some company information.
This common fold, used for mailings and brochures, is much like a letter folded by hand for inserting in an envelope. Basically folding an 8.5″ x 11″,8.5″ x 14″, 11″x 17″ or 11″ x 25.5″ sheet of paper twice. The inside right panel folds to the left and the inside left panel folds to the right on the top, forming the cover page.
The gate fold is very attractive as the succession of message presentation is dramatic. It requires either handwork or specialized equipment. Lining up images that cross over the inside flaps can be very difficult. The left and right edges fold inward with parallel folds and meet in the middle of the page without overlapping.
The “Z” style offers an advantage for multi-page letters to be collated and hand inserted for mailing. Because the pages nest together, the letter is opened with the pages in sequence. Folding the sheet of paper twice (the outside left panel folds to the left and the inside right panel folds to the left, forming the brochure cover)as a result it shapes as the letter “Z”.
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